Instructional materials must include features such as positive expectations, feedback and appearance in order to maintain learners motivation. There are also factors that contribute to a learning climate such as: friendly, attentive, and encouraging communication; informative feedback on student progress and so forth.
Whenever students are learning we should not give them tasks that seem too easy or too difficult, because easy tasks are not challenging enough and hard tasks will overload the students memory , frustrate them so that they give up their effort to learn.
Besides, there are strategies that help students make personal connections to the course content and improve their learning such as: using examples from student life, asking them to share personal experiences, examples and insights, and so on.
Moreover, we should take into account that students learn more when they generate their own questions about topics after receiving guidance about how to do so , when they relate, organize and represent knowledge in a new way and when they review feedback from test results.
Finally, I would say that instructional materials must include guidance and support to help students safely and successfully become more independent learners and thinkers.
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